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Research with communities, not about them

What changes when the people a study is about hold real decision rights over how it is designed, measured and owned.

CMDI Research Team 2 min read
An abstract field of interlocking colour, standing in for a network of collaborators
Co-design means the people a study is about hold decision rights over it. CMDI

Most research about a community is still designed for it rather than with it. The difference is not tone or consultation — it is who could have said no, and at what point. This piece is about what changes when that question is answered honestly at the start.

Where decision rights actually sit

A study has perhaps a dozen decisions that shape everything after them: what counts as an outcome, who is eligible, what the comparison is, and who owns the data when the grant ends. In most participatory projects, community partners are invited after all twelve have been made. The invitation is genuine and the timing makes it decorative.

  • Outcome selection. The measure decides what the study can find.
  • Eligibility. Who is excluded is a finding in itself, and it is rarely reported as one.
  • Data stewardship. Who holds it afterwards, and who may say no to a future use.

If a partner cannot stop the study, they are not a partner. They are an advisory group with better catering.

What it costs

Doing this properly is slower and more expensive, and pretending otherwise is how the practice gets discredited. Budget for the extra months, pay people for their time at a professional rate, and write the decision rights into the agreement rather than the ethics application.

A diagram of the study workflow, with decision points marked before recruitment
Decision points that matter come before recruitment, not after.

A note on measurement

Standardised instruments carry assumptions about what distress looks like and how it should be described. Those assumptions travel further than the instrument does, and they are worth surfacing in the protocol rather than the limitations section.

  1. 1 Name the assumption in the protocol.
  2. 2 Say who checked it, and against what.
  3. 3 Report what changed as a result.

What survives the pilot

The test of a partnership is not the paper. It is whether anything is still running two years after the funding ends, and whether the people who did the work still have access to what it produced.

text
Sustainability checklist [ ] Named local owner, with budget [ ] Data access agreement outlives the grant [ ] Training delivered, not just documented

None of this is novel. It is simply the part that gets dropped first when a deadline arrives, which is exactly why it is worth writing down before one does.

participatory researchco-designmethodsglobal mental health

References

3 sources cited in this article

  1. 1

    Okafor A, Lund C, Patel V

    Participatory research in mental health: a scoping review of decision rights

    The Lancet Psychiatry, 11(3): 201–214, 2024

  2. 2

    World Health Organization

    Community engagement in health research: operational guidance

    2023

    Chapter 4 covers decision rights explicitly.

    Accessed 14 Aug 2026 report
  3. 3

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